Journal Articles
Gordon, R. C. (2005). Charles R. Drew: Surgeon, Scientist, and Educator. Journal Of Investigative Surgery, 18(5), 223-225.
The first African-American Surgeon to achieve extensive training in medical research in the modern era was Dr. Charles Drew (1904–1950) who completed a doctoral degree in medical sciences at Columbia University in 1940. He became the director of the American Red Cross Blood Bank program during World War II and received many accolades for his work with plasma. This historical vignette reviews the details of his life
Lawrence, G. (2001). Tools of the trade. Lancet, 358(9280), 514.
Focuses on the profound hypothermia apparatus, designed by surgeon Charles Drew. How Drew devised a way to eliminate heart-lung machines; His technique, which relied on cooling patients until their heart stopped;
Agris, J. (1982). Dr. Charles R. Drew. Journal Of Dermatologic Surgery & Oncology, 8(2), 96
This article profiles Charles R. Drew, who was a black surgeon who devoted much of his time to research on the preservation of blood and the organization of blood banks. He began his research on blood plasma and development of methods for its preservation at Columbia University in 1938 and perfected his methods by 1940.